This chapter will cover the main concepts relevant to the study through an extensive analysis of literature. It starts by reviewing literature on the idea of change management and focusing on the definition of the term as well as the important issues which must be considered when studying such concept. While getting an insight into the topic, this chapter will also highlight the competitive advantage gained by implementing such strategies.
British Petroleum
Brief description of British Petroleum
BP, British Petroleum, is an energy company, engaged primarily in the oil and natural gas, which is based in London, United Kingdom. It is one of the largest companies in the world (since the eighth as the American magazine Forbes) and the third largest firm dedicated to oil and gas after ExxonMobil and Royal Dutch Shell. British Petroleum oil spill in the Mexico Gulf is the largest and worst ever oil spill accident in the history of petroleum industry (Ackoff, pp. 47-54). The oil spill started on April 20, 2010 in consequence of Deepwater Horizon drilling rig flare-up which killed eleven people and injured seventeen others. So far, approximately five million barrels of oil has gushed into the water severely affecting the marine life in the Gulf of Mexico. As per the current status the oil well is completely sealed but the task of drilling a relief well in order to eliminate the risk of oil spilling completely is still pending (Huberman 1998, pp. 179-210).
The Main Legislation Affecting British Petroleum
Even though, all concern being in use, oil spills might occur in consequence of a mishmash of procedures and situations. The most of oil spills is little and by far controlled; conversely huge spills do happen rarely which involve larger endeavour in repression and crackdown operations (Hartley 2007, pp. 61-73). The foremost reasons of oil spills across the globe are:
Regular operations such as refuel, unloading or loading
Accidents and smashes between tankers or vessels and other transport vehicles
Ships operating aground
Cracked channels
Oil exploration movements
Involuntary stoppage of oil collection and storing apparatus.
Oil spills can encompass a severe impact on aquatic creatures like fish, shellfish, sea mammals, water birds, and aquatic plants. The instant hazard to aquatic creatures by an oil spill is that of corporeal suffocation, whereby the oil coats all exterior in a thick slick. This might ultimately bring about the fatality of creatures as a result of their lack of ability to normally nourish, reproduce, respire and progress (Gumperz 2002, pp. 4-15). All creatures which get in touch with an oil slick surface are in danger, and these might include sea mammals and reptiles, marine birds, seashore aquatic life and any rigorous fishery or rearing operations in the direct vicinity such as aquaculture pens. Seabirds are chiefly vulnerable to oil spills, with many fatalities consequential from loss or harm of plumage (Gill 2003, pp.307-318).
The derived risk posed to aquatic creatures is the chemical composition of ...