Can Lithium Deposits in Afghanistan Replace Poppy Seed Production?

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This dissertation is an opportunity for me to extend my regards to my research supervisor, my beloved friends, and my family for their untiring support that they furnished throughout my research. I am grateful to them for their belief in me and the guidance that they provided me without which I would have never been able to work on and complete this research. It also signifies my own views and does not closely relate to the university.

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DECLARATION

I [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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ABSTRACT

The cultivation of opium in Afghanistan and lithium deposits is presented in the study. In the year 2010, Afghanistan was recognized as the lucrative mineral resources country, and the list of mineral included were copper, cobalt, gold and lithium. Among these, lithium is the mineral on which the present industry of Afghanistan is heavily dependent. In addition to this, the linkages among local influences, that are responsible for determining the patterns for cultivation of opium production processing and trafficking of drugs across the broader of Afghanistan are determined. On the other hand, the increased and prosperous production of poppy seeds in the region has an indication of the internal limitation of the state, which is sturdily linked to the weakening of the state control and regional disturbances.

The production of opium is representing a contrasting political structure of Afghanistan in the region since; most of the revenue is coming from the poppy seeds productions. There has been the substantial increment in the production of poppy seeds from an annual production level of 200 tons to the 4,200 tons in the recent years due to the development of the irrigated lands for opium production. Afghanistan is the world largest production centre for opium and a supplier of approximately 75% of heroin to the world may emerge the impression of the country as the world's first factual Narcotics-state.

The cultivation of poppy seeds leads to the production of opium, and the million dollars revenues that are generating from this trade is used for the development mass destruction weapons and training equipments for the terrorists. However, the United States and other Western countries are trying harder to stop the production of opium in the region by banning it and motivating farmers to move on for other crops for their earning such as cotton and wheat. Now the situation has changed, and most of the Afghan tribes are fighting for lithium, which is other than poppy plants. In fact, these natural reservoirs of previous elements could become a curse for the region but Afghanistan can do such activities. First of all it can introduce property rights, and the second thing is to try ...