APPLIED FORENSIC

Applied Forensic Chemical and Physics



Applied Forensic Chemical and Physics

Introduction

The application of a wide range of technologies and sciences is the Forensic science. The forensic science is used to establish and investigate the pieces of evidence and details in relation to the civil or criminal law. For the reliability and accuracy a lot of rigorous and meticulous research is performed to attain the maximum results from it.

An applied science that consists of the study of facts and pieces of evidences is the criminal investigation. The crime investigation is used to locate, identify and verify the fault and culpability of a criminal (Miller, & Braswell, 2010). The entire and inclusive criminal investigation can comprise of interrogations, interviews, searching, proof gathering and conservation, and several other techniques of examination and analysis.

Discussion

Impression Evidence

In the crime scene investigation, the expression impression evidence points to the prints, marks or any other form that is left on a surface like the metal, wood, cement, or soil, that can be used as the evidence of the crime scene. When an object is hard-pressed or pushed against another object or material then the impression evidence is formed.

In the crime scenes, the most common and extensive types of the impression evidence that are found are the tool marks, shoe marks, tire tracks, foot prints and bite marks (Pepper, 2010). To link and connect the suspects to the crime these kinds of impression evidences can be utilized by the investigators of the crime scene.

Shoe Marks

To connect and link a culprit or criminal to the crime, the shoe marks, footprint impressions or the shoe impressions evidence can be used effectively (Hochrein, 2012). There are three common types of the shoe marks or impressions in evidence collection of the crime scene:

A trace or print that is caused by a piece of the footwear pressing against an object is the outsole impressions of the footwear or shoe marks.

The imprints of the foot of an individual left inside a footwear is the insole impressions of the shoe marks.

Soil, skin, body hair, fibers, and bodily fluids are included in the evidences of the shoe marks trace. These kinds of traces are useful and supportive in connecting and relating to an individual through a location or DNA.

With a range of methods the shoe marks and footwear impressions can be detected. These include:

To lift the dusty impressions the electrostatic lifting can be used.

For the detection of latent and visible impressions, sources of artificial light should be used to provide polarized, coaxial and oblique light.

To enhance or develop the faint impressions the chemical or physical enhancement methods can be used.

Tool Marks

In the forensic science the tool marks are described as the impressions that are produced and developed on a surface by an instrument. By the indentation of the tool that it leaves on the surface, the nature of the tool is determined by the crime scene investigators.

The tool marks can be classified as the abrasion and scrape for the negative impressions or friction type marks for ...