A Systematic Review On Methods To Improve Transfer Rates Of African American Male Student

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A Systematic Review on Methods to Improve Transfer Rates of African American Male Student-Athletes in California Community Colleges

By

Submitted by Dyan Miller

September 15, 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION3

Problem Statement3

Statement of Purpose9

Background and Context10

Theoretical Base15

Definition of Terms19

Significance of Study22

Context of the Study23

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE25

Community College Students25

The Transfer Experience27

Transfer Adjustment28

Systematic Review29

Qualitative Review32

CHAPTER THREE: CONCEPTUAL MODEL34

Cultural Factors36

Learning Environment39

Financial Factors41

Support Systems42

Transition Readiness43

Stressors44

Conclusion45

REFERENCES47

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

A student-athlete is a common phrase used on many college campuses, to describe the commitment of being both a scholar and an athlete. A challenge faced by many student-athletes is how to navigate their athletic commitments with academic resilience. It can be a very delicate balancing act for student-athletes based upon the time demands that it takes to compete at the highest level of competition, while also trying to maintain their grades in the classroom. Involvement in athletics has always been an opportunity to unite the student body, the community and provide students a unique opportunity to express him. Athletics provides many life lessons that have a strong carry over into the work place such as leadership, teamwork, self-discipline and communication. Athletics serves as a conduit for many college students who may have not been able to afford, gained access or thought that college was possible

Problem Statement

Achievement Gap for African American Males in Higher Education

In 2010, the American Council on Education (ACE) released its Annual Status Report on “Minorities in Higher Education.” Trends showed that when it comes to African American males on college campuses the population is not only declining but African Americans have the lowest graduation rate of any student group population (EURweb.com). Of all African American males who enter college, only 35 percent will graduate within six years. This compares to the 61-63 percent of white males, 46 percent of Hispanic men and 45 percent for African American females who entered college and graduated within a six -year time frame ( EURweb.com).

The rate of college course completion by African American male students is the lowest in terms of both gender and ethnicity: 67.7 percent of African American male students who enroll in higher education institutions do not graduate within the established time limit (Harper, 2006a). The study also reveals a considerable graduation gap between white and African American male student-athletes, with 100 percent of white male student-athletes but only 31 percent of African American male student-athletes graduating from the University of Connecticut (Bowie, 2011). The main problem here is the low enrolment of students in athletic programs.

African American Males in Higher Education unique challenges

The researcher found out that there is diversity in African American students. The researcher further found out that campus environment is very diverse. There are very important characteristics associated with transfer students. These factors include poverty, English not the primary language, learning disability, having spouse and children, family barriers and problems, under preparation with respect to new place and culture, and low concentration and high dropout ratio. The researcher found out that African Americans have one or more characteristics mentioned above. Social and cultural ...
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