The Second Industrial Revolution (1840-1900) is commonly known as the Technological revolution in that it has led to many key changes in technology. It started towards the end of the 19th century and continues through to the World War I (James, 1999). There are many reasons why the revolution took place. The paper discusses how the second industrial revolution created conditions for the major technology and science breakthroughs to happen in modern times, and the major advances in science and technology during the second industrial revolution.