Over the past 20years, strategic management/business policy has become established as a legitimate field of research and managerial practice. Its rapid growth and acceptance are perhaps most evident in the avalanche of textbooks that have hit the market in the last 5 years. During this period, over 40 new business plans has been addressed, however, the rapid development of the field has not been critically examined. A critique of research in this area is long overdue, and can benefit researches and decision makers by highlighting some of its important shortcomings.
Strategies for competitive warfare are recommended to identify and win against antagonists. By narrowly identifying conflicts in market terms, salient social conflicts embedded in the overall economic system are ignored (Tichy, 2008).
Emergence of Strategic Management
Successful administrators (efficient and effective) have always contrived good strategies, but it was not until recently (1962) that scholars recognized management strategy as a key factor in organizational success. This delay was mainly due recognition to the environmental changes that occurred since the 40 (WWII).
Approach to policymaking
When a small employer offers one class of goods or services to a small group of customers, the company's functional areas can be planned, organized and coordinated informally. However, when the good or service is modified or replaced, or when sales territories extend, increase functional areas.
The activity of integrating the functions requires a more formal structure for the company to coordinate activities both within and between the basic functional areas. Thus emerged the "Focus on policy" based on the concept of implementing daily as guidelines that establish the boundaries in terms of a functional area which may or may not do (Patrick, 2010).
Reflections on Planning
An organization is a complex entity that interacts and reacts to a turbulent external environment. When it comes to analysis and planning system design is essential to deal with this problem in a logical and systematic, otherwise, the mind is confused by the variety and number of factors involved.
Projecting the future instead of having it
Since ancient times, man has expressed concern that to know in advance who will face in time to come. As in this manner could avoid their fate in the event of bad omens, or when it is promising, unwind and enjoy them in advance.
Unfortunately, the trades of fortune tellers and mediums have proven to be as fascinating as misguided, in more than one occasion, the encounter with reality has led to the disappointment of unfulfilled predictions. We can say that the idea logical plan responds to this concern of humankind to know the time, and the modern manager to know the future, although with a more active approach than simply waiting for their occurrence. What is sought to planning is not only the design of scenarios, but also how to alter them and take full advantage. It is, therefore, to carry out the action plan for the future instead of having it (Moore, 2009).