As it is suggested by the name, a raw file is kept by the camera that, in anyway, has not been processed. The information is saved from the sensor of camera to the memory card directly, devoid of shaking off any information. In contrast, JPEG files, are compacted, i.e. their information is thrown away to make the file size smaller. And thus, there is a loss of discarded information that cannot be regained.
There is dependence of the size of raw file on the camera's number of pixels. For instance, an approximate 15 megabytes' raw file will be produced by a Nikon D3100, whereas about 2A megabytes' file will be produced by the 22 megapixel Canon 5D Mkll. The only shortcoming here is that a lot longer is taken by the large raw file sizes to be written to the memory card as compared to a JPEG with 3 or 4 megabyte. (Renaut, p.59)
Discussion
Raw image files are at times called digital negatives. A raw capture from the sensor of the camera is a digital negative with little or no processing but with camera generated metadata. It embodies the image as seen by lens and captured through the sensor. The information is contained by the metadata regarding white balance, exposure and ISO. (Schewe, p.3)
The Positive Aspects of Raw Data
Shooting raw images has several advantages, from editing that is not viable with JPEG images to the capacity to adjust white balance without difficulty. The benefits of shooting raw image files generally prevail over the disadvantages of working with the file type. In fact, in some situations switching camera to raw mode is a better option like when in a tough white-balance situation (cloud cover, shade, or mixed lighting), shooting ...