SURVEYING

Site surveying and set out

Site surveying and set out

Answer 1

The laser level, which is also known as automatic level, can be used in this case to calculate the reduced levels from the set datum. This machine is based on the principle that for the establishment of point levels, the setting up of the kit is done in a way that the automatic level will be set up at the set datum point. As the automatic level is set up and the bubble is centred, it is then important to find out the plane's viewing height the first thing that will be done would be to read the back sight, and to assume a reduced level to start off work with. After the setting up of the survey station, the height of the plane is deduced this is found from a point which is referred to as the benchmark. The reduced levels found from the benchmark are called temporary benchmarks and help in levelling on other places. The level of the benchmark is known, which has been taken from an official source or survey map, and is the height that is above the ordnance datum. The ordnance datum is usually taken to be the level of the sea.

Once the automatic level is set up at the datum point, back sight reading is taken and recorded. After this step, the foresight is also deduced. The readings which are read from a staff are recorded and they serve as the intermediate sight readings. From those readings, reduced levels are calculated and this is how the values are noted down by the surveyor.

Answer 2

The L-Section shows the profile of the natural ground, which is represented by the green line, while the red line shows the proposed profile of the site. NGL refers to natural ground level, whereas FGL refers to finished ground level once the cutting and filling is finished. Moreover, this drawing clearly shows the cut and fills areas both. The chainage was assumed to be 10 feet, since the levels provided were not given at particular distances or levels.

Answer 3

The relocation of the fibro-garage close to the Western boundary has been shown in this drawing, implying that the garage has been moved in accordance with the wishes of the owners. The levels were deduced from the automatic level and were plotted on AutoCAD and the design was marked using ...