Summary

The Advent of Chemical Fertilizers

To complete the process of their vegetative life, plants need water, nearly twenty nutrients that are inorganic form in the soil, carbon dioxide (CO2) provided by the air, and solar energy necessary for chlorophyll synthesis. The Egyptians for thousands of years have used the rich silt brought by the floods of the Nile to develop and maintain the soil. Various amendments have been used around the world, fish buried under the corn in North America, the human and animal excreta. Then, with the advent of the chemical industry, coal and oil in the nineteenth century, emerged forms chemical more "pure" basic elements (NPK) (Stewart, Dibb, et al, p. 1-6). Chemical fertilizers, despite their immediate effects on growth have not always been readily accepted, for example, in 1858, in northern France, the local press reported that the approach of sowing "the farmers are harassed by fertilizer dealers who claim that their chemical concentrates are more effective than manure. The Imperial Society of Agriculture, which has tested, warns against such concentrated fertilizers, which cannot replace it as manure” (Swift, p. 129-132).

Since 70 years of the XIX century, chemical technology in one form or another permeates almost all major industries. Chemical products have been widely used in agriculture. At this time, to establish production of one of the types of inorganic fertilizers - superphosphate, and then the other. Mining and processing of mineral fertilizers in the period arises in a particular area of chemistry. Implementation of accurate methods of chemical analysis in the study of biological processes, occurring in the soil provided the scientific basis for agriculture, increasing yields (Leigh, p. 134-139). Development of chemistry and chemical engineering, as was proved earlier, can not only increase the number of useful items and the number of useful applications of known substances, but also introduces the dregs of the production and consumption back into the cycle of reproduction, creating new opportunities and new resources. However, in the late XIX and the early XX century in the development of chemistry was given little attention. Little, respectively, produces the necessary agricultural fertilizers (Swift, p. 129-132).

Farming the Wetlands of Mesoamerica

The collection of plants, wild fruits and seeds became important to the economy of the groups planting seeds in fertile soil suitable for one of the most important events for the development of early Mesoamerican agricultural discovery (Bacon, p. 125-128).

The basis of Mesoamerican civilization was agriculture, plants that satisfy different nutritional needs were corn, beans and chili, and they were taken to various environmental conditions. The development of Mesoamerican cultures had close relationship with the origin of agriculture plants grown in America; none was as important as corn and from Canada to Chile that was the basis of the power of the people in the states of Mexico and Tamaulipas that had found remains of teosinte (vegetable considered the ancestor of maize). The forms of culture were the first farmers who had a single instrument called a coa and to prepare the land was necessary to ...