SMOKING AND ORAL HEALTH

Smoking and Oral Health

Smoking and Oral Health

Introduction

Smoking and obesity are the main risk factors associated with the development of various diseases in modern humans, some of which even serious diseases like several types cancer, obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke , diabetes type II. Many scientific studies identified in these conditions and the two leading causes of death of Western man. Many Italian children, about a third are overweight, a trend that seems to increase, as well as increasing the percentage of young people who smoke. Normally people heard smoking and the damage associated with it many times but few of us know that smoking causes the trouble even to the mouth and that immediately after the bacteria of the oral bio-film; the tobacco is the leading cause of diseases of the mouth (Why is Smoking cessation important in oral health, 2009, pp. 121-25).

Discussion

The mechanisms by which smoking impairs oral tissues are many, some of which are particularly important.

In smokers develops a chronic inflammatory state of the capillary walls and a capacity reduction of white blood cells to kill the blink. Will be reduced in smokers the ability to defend against infection both acute and chronic.

Smoking modifies the environmental conditions of the mouth and removes the growth of "bad" bacteria most likely to cause gingivitis and periodontitis.

Smoking in the trajectories of intraoral wound healing slowed down and the wounds heal late than non-smokers.

In smokers proteins that hinder and prevent the growth of malignant neoplastic cells function less well.

No wonder, then, those smokers:

present more often than non-smokers loss of bone that supports the teeth, that if you submit a proposal in oral implantology have a failure rate twice that of non-smokers;

that are more likely to experience complications after oral surgery such as a ' tooth extraction ,

also the risk of getting cancer of the mouth is much higher than non-smokers (Bloom, 2012, pp. 101-06).

The main oral problems

Oral cancer: is the most serious problem related oral snuff. The associated mortality rate is high: only 50% survive five years of development of the disease. However, experts clarify that early detection increases chances of survival. According to statistics, between 75 and 90% of oral cancer cases are related to the combined use of alcohol and snuff. While smokers' non-drinkers are between 2 and 4 more chances of developing this tumor than those without any of these vices, those with both habits multiply by 38 the chances of developing cancer of the mouth.

Meanwhile, injury considered precancerous-appear with a frequency six times higher among those addicted to cigarettes.

Snuff consumption produces a series of systemic effects on the central nervous system, heart, blood vessels and endocrine glands, reducing lung capacity and producing vasoconstriction in peripheral circulation; also been associated with birth defects and com- fetal complications. Within these general actions are has been shown that fibrinolytic activity decreases in smokers compared with nonsmokers, and there a delay in the healing of wounds. Moreover, among the local effects, smoking has been noted etiological agent in several pathological processes oral such as oral cancer ...