Positive Reinforcement



Positive Reinforcement

Outline For Research Paper

Introduction

Thesis Statement

Key Points

Body

Different Types Of Reinforcers

Example

Different Types of Positive Reinforcers

Positive Reinforcement and Rewards

When Is Positive Reinforcement Most Effective?

Tips for parents using rewards and reinforcement

Summary Paragraph

Conclusion

Introduction

Thesis Statement

The thesis statement for the paper is:Positive reinforcement involves anything that follows a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future.

Reinforcement is a stimulus which follows and is contingent upon a behavior and increases the probability of a behavior being repeated. Positive reinforcement can increase the probability of not only desirable behavior but also undesirable behavior. For example, if a student whines in order to get attention and is successful in getting it, the attention serves as positive reinforcement which increases the likelihood that the student will continue to whine.

Key Points

The paper explores the different types of reinforcers.

The paper discusses the Positive Reinforcement and Rewards

The paper identifies when Is Positive Reinforcement Most Effective?

The paper illustrates tips for parents using rewards and reinforcement

Body

Point 1 Different Types Of Reinforcers

One of the easiest ways to remember positive reinforcement is to think of it as something being added. By thinking of it in these terms, you may find it easier to identify real-world examples of positive reinforcement. Positive Behavior Support (PBS). “[A]n approach to dealing with challenging behavior that incorporates many evidence-based methods…the components of school-wide applications of PBS include the following: establishment of a planning team, definition of school-wide behavioral expectations, teaching of behavioral expectations directly to students, development of procedures for acknowledging appropriate behaviors and discouraging inappropriate behavior, and monitoring and ongoing evaluation of relevant outcomes” (Lassen et al., 2006, p. 702).

Example

"Punishment" is often thought of as a physical correction when dog training, but remember that it is the dog that defines what is punishing and this will be different for each dog. "Reinforcement" is usually thought of as rewarding the dog with food or a toy, but something is only reinforcing to a dog if it means he performs that behavior more often. Many people apply their own ideas and emotions to define what is punishing or reinforcing without looking to see if the dog is performing the behavior more or less often.

Positive Reinforcement: The dog receives something that he finds rewarding (play, food, toy) for performing a behavior. This makes him MORE likely to perform the behavior again.Positive Punishment: The dog receives something that he finds aversive/uncomfortable (correction, water spray) for performing a behavior. This makes him LESS likely to perform the behavior again.

Negative Reinforcement: The dog is put in a position he finds uncomfortable (tight leash, ear pinch, electric stim) until he performs a behavior. This makes him MORE likely to perform the behavior again.

Negative Punishment: The dog has access to something he finds rewarding, he performs a behavior his owner doesn't want and the reward is taken away. This makes him LESS likely to perform the behavior again.

Point 2: Different Types of Positive Reinforcers

There are many different types of reinforcers that can be used to increase behaviors, ...