Intervention Strategies against and Effects of Female Sexual Harassment in Workplaces of West Africa



[Name of the Institute]

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES7

LIST OF FIGURES8

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION9

1.1 Background of the Research9

1.2 Understanding the Problem - Workplace Sexual Harassment17

1.2.1 Classification of Sexual Harassment in Different Countries20

1.2.2 Relationship between Gender Discrimination and Workplace Sexual Harassment23

1.2.3 Differences in Gender Perceptions towards Sexual Harassment at Workplaces28

1.2.4 Culture of Organization as Justification and denial of Sexual Harassment at Workplaces36

1.2.5 Prevalence of Sexual Harassment at Workplaces of Cote d'Ivoire West Africa41

1.2.6 Intervention Strategies and Programs against Sexual Harassment at Cote d'Ivoire46

1.2.7 Potential Gaps in Existing Practices against Sexual Harassment at Cote d'Ivoire49

1.3 Problem Statement54

1.4 Significance of the Research56

1.5 Research Aims and Objectives56

1.6 Research Questions58

1.7 Research Hypotheses58

1.8 Conceptual Framework of the Research59

1.9 Nature of the Research62

1.10 Limitations/Delimitations of the Research63

1.11 Assumptions of the Research64

1.12 Definition of Key Terms64

1.13 Outline of the Research66

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW67

2.1 Introduction67

2.2 Historical Framework of Sexual Harassment in Organizations77

2.3 Theoretical Framework of Sexual Harassment in Organizations80

2.3.1 Organizational Theory80

2.3.2 Socio-Cultural Theory82

2.3.3 Natural/Biological Theory84

2.4 Defining Perception and Employees in Organizations85

2.5 Scope and Incidences of Female Sexual Harassment in Workplaces87

2.5.1 Profile of Women at the Workplace91

2.5.2 Emerging Feminization of Employment and Sexual Harassment91

2.5.3 Increasing Poverty and Female Sexual Harassment93

2.5.4 Negotiating and Resisting Sexual Harassment95

2.6 Significant Factors Responsible for Female Sexual Harassment96

2.7 Nature of Sexual Harassment in Organizations99

2.7.1 Types of Sexual Harassers Female Employees Face in Workplaces101

2.7.1.1 The Opportunist102

2.7.1.2 The Power-Player102

2.7.1.3 The Serial Harasser102

2.7.1.4 The Situational Harasser103

2.7.2 Typical Types of Female Victims in Organizations103

2.8 Highly Risky Areas of Female Sexual Harassment at Workplaces105

2.8.1 High Risk Professions and Sectors106

2.8.2 Training and Education Sectors108

2.8.3 Employment with Low Security Conditions109

2.8.4 Domestic Female Employees and Workers110

2.9 Impact of Sexual Harassment in the Workplaces110

2.9.1 Impact on Individuals111

2.9.1.1 During the Course of the Harassment112

2.9.1.2 Consequences of Taking Action113

2.9.2 Impact on Organization114

2.9.3 Impact on Culture and Society115

2.10 Legal Framework of Action against Female Sexual Harassment at Workplace115

2.10.1 Workplace Legal Actions at Regional and International Level115

2.10.2 Sexual Harassment and Reported Cases in Cote d'Ivoire West Africa117

2.10.3 Legal Position and Legal Resource for Women in Cote d'Ivoire West Africa119

2.11 Intervention Strategies or Programs to Combat Sexual Harassment in Organizations120

2.12 Workplace Policies and Practical Measures against Sexual Harassment121

2.12.1 Complaints Procedures122

2.12.2 Establishment of a Sexual Harassment Committee122

2.12.3 Sanctions and Disciplinary Measures124

2.13 Informal Measures against Female Sexual Harassment124

2.14 Measures by Women Workers' Groups and Organizations against Sexual Harassment126

2.15 Integration and Summary of Literature126

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY128

3.1 Introduction128

3.2 Research Design and Approach128

3.3 Qualitative Research130

3.3.1 In-depth Interviews133

3.3.2 Observation Notes136

3.4 Quantitative Research136

3.5 Setting and Sample137

3.5.1 Sample Population137

3.5.2 Sampling Method139

3.5.3 Sample Size140

3.5.4 Participant's Eligibility Criteria141

3.6 Data Collection and Analysis Procedures142

3.6.1 Procedures and Strategies for Data Collection142

3.6.2 Data Collection and Analysis144

3.6.3 Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Findings145

3.7 Development of Instrumentation and Materials146

3.7.1 Qualitative Sequence146

3.7.2 Quantitative Sequence148

3.8 Validation Procedures150

3.8.1 Validity151

3.8.2 Qualitative Analysis152

3.8.3 Quantitative Analysis153

3.8.4 Trustworthiness154

3.9 Risks Associated with Participants154

3.10 Ethical Considerations155

3.11 Summary156

REFERENCES158

APPENDICES167

Prospectus167

Premise186

List of Tables

Table 1: Sample Interview Questions with Female Employees at Workplaces146

Table 2: Sample Cross-Sectional Survey Questions with Female Employees at Workplaces148

List of Figures

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of Sexual Harassment59

Figure 2: Diagram of Research Design61

CHAPTER 1: ...