History and Making of Global Human Rights in Regards to World Wars

History and Making of Global Human Rights in Regards to World Wars

Introduction

Development in the early stages

The concept of human rights can be traced back to ancient times. For example, one can remember the Code of Hammurabi, Ten Commandments with his idea of the law as a way of preventing the oppression of the weak. The efforts of human rights in the early stages were often a response to the violence and the refugee problem. Religious, moral and philosophical teachings are found in classical and biblical history, as well as in Confucianism, Buddhism, Judaism, Hinduism, Shinto and other religions. Gradually, the concept of law started to emerge in national legal instruments, such as in 1215 Magna Carta. In the same 13th century, natural rights theory was used by Thomas Aquinas to make an argument that state sovereignty shall not be recognized in the case where the government oppresses its own citizens. After the revolution in England in 1688 to protect citizens from violations of the monarchy, Parliament passed a "Bill of Rights" (1689).

Since the era of religious conversions started in Europe and the religious wars of 16-17 centuries, in peace agreements have begun to include items designed to protect religious minorities. Violation of the state of minority rights could provoke an intervention by another state. It was assumed that, through its armed forces to punish the state had to be replaced or compromised in this way the Government. The invasion of sovereignty was considered acceptable when the appeal of the state of its own citizens, "shocked the conscience of mankind."

In the 17th century, with the growth process of nation states in however, classical international law abandoned the idea of human rights and protects home state sovereignty. Beginning in 1648, when the Treaty of Westphalia was concluded, the state agreed from time to time to protect the individual rights of individuals, but the agreement is generally reflects the image, which depicts the meaning that people are just items in global law, whose rights are treated as secondary, derived from the sovereignty States.

Discussion

The First World War and the League of Nations

The further development of relations connected with the protection of human rights took place after World War II. In 1918 U.S. President Wilson presented to the Senate his "Fourteen Points" - a program designed to end war and create peace based on justice and fair treatment. Among other things, he called for the right to self-determination for nations aspiring to autonomy by giving them statehood within the established boundaries. The Senate, however, rejected this program. Secretary of State criticized the principle of national self-determination, some states have also refused to support the program.

The years of the interwar period

Scholars in international affairs led to a significant development of human rights before and during the interwar period. For example, Chilean Alexandro Alvarez is considered first advocate of individual right. He was also among the founders of the American Institute of International ...