Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to expand the boundaries of our knowledge by exploring some relevant facts and figures related to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease in which the blood vessels, blood cells and kidneys are affected. HUS is usually caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) bacteria, including Escherichia coli, verotoxigenic (VTEC). This disease is usually transmitted to humans through contaminated raw foods, drinking and bathing water or by direct contact with infected animals or humans (contact infection). The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) describes a disease of the small blood vessels, blood cells and kidneys (Nevard, 1997). It occurs in about 5-10% of symptomatic EHEC infections, particularly in children. This occurred 3-4 days after infection causes diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps. A few days later bloody diarrhea and fever is developed, when the toxin verotoxin is produced by the bacteria, the cells of the intestinal wall and the blood vessel walls destroyed. HUS damages the verotoxin additional kidneys, blood cells and blood vessels. As a result, there is acute renal failure, anemia and increased bleeding tendency. A fatal outcome can usually occur only through intensive treatment, including hemodialysis (dialysis). Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) were detected in virtually all industrialized countries and are likely to spread worldwide (Gordjani, 2007).

To prevent infection with Escherichia coli in infants and young children, it is advisable to refrain from raw milk and to give them just enough cooked meat. The prevention is to wash your hands well after urinating in front of the kitchen work, after handling raw meat, before eating and after handling animals. In this paper, the author will examine Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, causes of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and how it can be treated using nursing practices.

Discussion

Causes of Disease

In children, the most common causes of hemolytic-uremic syndrome are diarrhea (90%) and upper respiratory tract infection (10%). Etiologic agent must be capable of damaging endothelial cells. These properties are endowed with Shiga-like toxin or verotoxin produced by Escherichia coli O157: H7, Shigella dysenteriae type I., Aeromonas hydrophilia, as well as neuraminidase Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome are not caused by bacteria forming verotoxin - Salmonella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Clostridium difficile, varicella-zoster virus, ECHO, Coxsackie A and B (Geary, 2007).

Some researchers suggest that the hemolytic-uremic syndrome is also associated with immune complexes. We describe the familial cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome as a dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. These patients showed a reduction in prostacyclin production by endothelial cells (endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation).

In 70-85% of cases, the cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome is E. coli O157: H7-infected, leading to the development of diarrhea. Pathogenic to humans E.coli O157: H7 is found in the intestines of healthy cats and cattle, which are transmitted by contact with animals, use of food (ground beef and other meat products). Bacteria may be in unpasteurized dairy products and fruit juices, non-chlorinated water. It should be noted that contaminated food with E.coli, has no unpleasant odor and ...