GLOBALISATION

Globalisation

Globalisation

Globalization is a very empowering thought. Imagining the implications of global connectivity with regards to education and business has excited many an economist and politician. The Communication Revolution that we are currently amidst has added color to the concept, with distances being covered in seconds. The promise of unified within a single society by global leadership is something that is as appealing as its larger implications are alarming. The preservation and combination of technological and socio-cultural forces can actually nurture international economy through dedicated integration of trade and commerce. With internet technology at our finger-tips, it is not very difficult to envision the subsequent capital flow or migration.

Many countries around the world are engaged in decentralization processes, and most African countries face serious problems with forest governance, from benefits sharing to illegality and sustainable forest management. This book summarizes experiences to date on the extent and nature of decentralization and its outcomes - most of which suggest an underperformance of governance reforms - and explores the viability of different governance instruments in the context of weak governance and expanding commercial pressures over forests.

Findings are grouped into two thematic areas: decentralization, livelihoods and sustainable forest management; and international trade, finance and forest sector governance reforms. The authors examine diverse forces shaping the forest sector, including the theory and practice of decentralization, usurpation of authority, corruption and illegality, inequitable patterns of benefits capture and expansion of international trade in timber and carbon credits, and discuss related outcomes on livelihoods, forest condition and equity. The book builds on earlier volumes exploring different dimensions of decentralization and perspectives from other world regions, and distills dimensions of forest governance that are both unique to Africa and representative of broader global patterns. The authors ground their analysis in relevant theory while drawing out implications of their findings for policy and practice.

Globalization is not a concept without explicit scope for internal policies protecting respective industries or the implication of diminution of enforced restrictions on exchanges. While crossing borders and integrating a complex system of trade and production seems very attractive, one cannot ignore the 'flattening' effect of the practice. Globalized trade and dedicated outsourcing of resources are bound to result in a conflict between various distinctive political forces. The ideology will of course continue to have an increasing impact on organization of business practices, but not without trade and exchange relations being affected. Globalization creates a broader platform for a range of foreign products and the movement of goods between and within boundaries. This coupled with the scope of increased access to external financing is challenging the financial crunch that is also responsible for the recent period of recession. Market interconnectedness has paved the way for inter-dependency and in turn, an economic collapse. (Bakker, 2006, 8-99)

Globalization is channelized via international institutions that are designed to supervise processes that are related to education, migration, world cultures and heritage and business. This has in turn facilitated advances in technology and reduced the cost of trade ...