Gangs today are a worldwide phenomenon and, furthermore, not unique to up to date societies. Youth gangs have lived in Western and to the east societies for centuries, and in the joined States, gangs in built-up centers lived before the 19th century. More recently, researchers have studied gangs in Amsterdam, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, the People's Republic of China, Peru, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, and Tanzania. In many instances, gangs use the symbols, style of dress, and behavior of American gangs because these features are transmitted through movies, books, ...