EVERYDAY LIFE

Everyday Life

Everyday life

a. Imagined Community

Benedict Anderson developed the concept of an imagined community. According to this belief, a nation is actually a socially created community that is imagined by people who assume they are a part of it (Anderson, 2006, pp. 11). Such a community differs from an actual community because it does form its foundation on regular interactions taking place in person. Rather, it revolves around the members perceiving a mental image of their similarity. An example can be when everyone around the world feels empathic for a natural disaster such as an earthquake in one country (Anderson, 2006, pp. 12).

b. Cartesian Dualism

Dualism is an old concept having its roots in the Greek philosophy. This concept basically revolves around the thought that the mind and soul cannot be identified within the physical body of oneself, and thus Rene Descartes named this concept 'Dualism'. The term 'Cartesius' is just the Latin form of Descartes' name (Foster, 1996, pp. 82). Therefore Cartesian Dualism translates into Descartes perception of dualism. Descartes' famous quote 'I reflect therefore I am' is an epitome of the concept of dualism. He argued that the mind and the body are totally separate from each other, but they work together. According to him, the body is divisible signaled by the movements of arms and legs, but the mind or soul cannot be divided (Foster, 1996, pp. 83).

Taylorism

Taylorism refers to the work management methods formulated by Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). These principles were designed to bring management in control of the work processes in order to achieve the highest rate of worker productivity. This is also known as scientific management, also called Taylorism (Waring, 1991, pp. 45), and is a management theory of management aimed at analyzing the productivity of worker so that economic efficiency can be improvised by correcting flaws in labor productivity. For developing this theory of scientific management, an experiment was performed by the factory management to see what hindrances were present in the way of workers that were limiting their productivity, and then ways for the worker to do the job efficiently. This theory aims at providing proper gear and training to the workers, and to encourage the workers through giving incentives for good performance (Waring, 1991, pp. 51).

2. Reformation basically refers to the chief religious changes that took place in Europe in the era of 1500s, which ultimately transformed the patterns of mainstream areas such as worship, society, politics, and the way cultures were formed as a whole. The Protestant Reformation was a movement that started in 1517 when Martin Luther criticized the doctrine principles and actions of churches in Germany, leading to the formation of new official churches; the Lutheran, the Anglican and the Reformed or Calvinist (Hillerbrand, 2009, pp. 87).

There were many ways in which the Protestant Reformation changed the lives of millions. The most important change was related to Church and was the translation of the Bible from Latin language to German in the year 1522, which brought ...