Does Dualism Help with Pessimism (about Free Will)?

Does Dualism Help with Pessimism (about Free Will)?

The duality described as contrasting analog form to monism and pluralism are primarily philosophical, religious, social, methods, teachings and systems for even scientific understanding of the world and its artistic interpretation of two separate distinct and independent entities, principles, forces, phenomena, visual and ways of knowing or substances begin, which often includes an antagonism (in extreme cases, to the antinomies constitute Kant) or a tension, but as the polarity and complementary may be (e.g., Yin and Yang, norms). In the art is the dualism often actively and deliberately used to create a contrast or to create a dramatic tension? It must be distinguished from the notion of duality that plays mainly in logic and mathematics play a role as a mutual association of any two terms, are those of which exchange rates right back into proper sentences. The adjective refers generally to a dual duality as such (e.g. DSD), the noun Dual especially in linguistics, the duality between singular and plural. In this context also important is the concept of dichotomy, with its various dualistic meanings in botany, philosophy, physics, language and literature. Dialectic is again since Plato central in philosophy, especially logic and epistemology as well as in rhetoric (Bibas, p. 2463-2547). The term "dualism" was primarily a first ontological and religious or metaphysical significance and relatively late, although the subject-object problem already in Plato emerges, also an epistemological (as in rationalism and Kant), the then gradually joined by other important fields. It probably comes from Thomas Hyde (1636-1703), which meant the religious belief that it is a good and an evil supernatural being. While still Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz defines the phrase as used by Hyde, defines Christian Wolff "dualists mean those who believe in the existence of material and immaterial substances" (Robinson, p. 85-101).

Pessimism is a conception of life which tends to emphasize the negative aspects and see life dominated by ' unhappiness and pain. This view, from the standpoint of ethics, results in a judgment of preference of evil to good. The pessimism in psychology is the manifestation of symptoms of common illnesses such as depression, exogenous or endogenous, and moods such as low self-esteem, and the ability to consider reality in its worst aspects caused by a higher provision to grasp the more negative aspects and disturbing, this feeling is often present in people who have suffered losses have never been equaled (Clark, p. 38-59). Pessimism contrasts with the optimism, the opposite trend. The typical example of this division is the question of glass half full or half empty, the first for the second to the pessimistic optimist. Interestingly, the simple analysis of reality should make us realize that the glass is either half full than half empty, i.e. they are "real" both descriptions. At this point, pessimism and optimism can be considered two variants of realism (Robinson, p. 85-101).

Dualism is the doctrine which relates to two principles, one more or less subordinate ...