[3 Dimensional Nose lassifications in 15 Years Old Cohort]

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Literature Review

Introduction

In recent years there has been an explosion of new scientific information on the structure and function of the nose at the macroscopic, microscopic and molecular levels of analysis. This often unappreciated part of the mammalian upper airway has recently been the focus of reported research efforts in a variety of diverse scientific disciplines such as pharmacology, neuroscience, mathematical modeling, toxicology, and even paleontology. The nose is a structurally and functionally complex organ in the upper respiratory tract. It is the primary site of entry for inhaled air in the respiratory system of mammals and therefore has many important and diverse functions. The nose not only serves as the principal organ for the sense of smell, but it also functions to efficiently filter, warm, and humidify the inhaled air before it enters the more delicate distal tracheobronchial airways and alveolar parenchyma of the lung.

Ever look at a nose and wonder how people walked around with such awkward looking nose structures on them? Or envy someone who has the perfect nose slant and tilt that you often wondered if they got a nose job done? Human nose shapes are varied and one-of-a-kind among nations, where spotting one that looks like yours could be easy or hard to find. A lot of us hate the way our noses form and dip, but there's nothing you can do about it since your sniffer is hereditary, with only your parents to blame if you dislike what you see. There are different kinds of nose shapes that we can identify with the world over, forming a type that each one of us is born with.

The anatomy of the nose is appealing, where we have two main openings that take in air to our lungs with oxygen being our primary source in order to breathe, while releasing carbon dioxide as we exhale. There's a whole lot more to our noses than we can possibly imagine, where our bodies work out the most complicated of functions, so complex and over-the-top that we'd have to be doctors in order to appreciate how much work our systems do for us. Getting back to the topic at hand - noses, let's now take a look at the different types that fall under this.

The nose has two cavities, separated from one another by a wall of cartilage called the septum(Boccieri , 2006, p. 407-9). The external openings are known as nares or nostrils. The roof of the mouth and the floor of the nose are formed by the palatine bone, the mouth part of which is commonly called the hard palate; a flap of tissue, the soft palate, extends back into the nasopharynx, the nasal portion of the throat, and during swallowing is pressed upward, thus closing off the nasopharynx so that food is not lodged in the back of the nose(Dale, 2010, ...