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The Nervous System



The Nervous System

Introduction

The Nervous System

The largest and complex organization of the body is the nervous system, which harmonizes the voluntary actions to the innate events of the body. It coordinates the body movement in order to counter the stimuli given from outside of the body. The central and the peripheral are chief branches of the nervous system. These systems cleaved into further parts. Each section has a significant role in the body therefore; any damage to either part of the nervous system may lead to severe illness. (Human aging, biological perspectives, 2012)

Discussion

Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

The nervous system has two significant large systems, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, work collectively as allied to each other. The central nervous system comprises of the spinal cord and the vital accessory brain. The remaining elements of the nervous system are integrated in peripheral nervous system.

The Central Nervous System

The brain and spinal cord are made up of grey and white matter. Grey matter is a combination of dendrites and cell bodies whereas white matter is a bunch of axons all covered with myelin sheath. The brain controls all the biological activities of the body. It communicates the body from surroundings to the inner environment of the body. Brain works through the unique cells neurons and the chemicals known as a neurotransmitter. The three main parts of the brain are further comprised of the following fundamental sections; performing their basic tasks:

Medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum together make up the Hind brain. The medulla is the tip of the spinal cord that controls the breathing in a regular pattern, heart beat and flow of blood. Pons is the bridge between mid brain and medulla oblongata; it conducts the impulses to the cerebellum from the touch receptors and regularizes the sleep. Cerebellum has two hemispheres, and it holds a large number of neurons. The cerebellum manages the movements of the body. The small part mid brain maintains the body activities regular and smooth, releases dopamine from its neurons and makes the connection between centers in the brain and motor neurons. The medulla oblongata, pons and mid brain are in combination affirmed as brain stem. Diencephalaphon and telencephalon are combined to form the Forebrain. Diencephalaphon contains structures like thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hormone regulation is the responsibility of this area ...